The study examines the effect of profitability ratios on the market share price of agricultural and agro-allied companies quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE). Two profitability ratios (Return on capital employed - ROCE and return on equity - ROE) were adopted, while the market share price was proxied by a log of market price per share. Ten agricultural and agro-allied companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) with published financial statements between the period 2005-2020 were selected for the study. The study adopted an ex-post-facto design and also adopted secondary data. Regression analysis was applied in testing the study hypotheses with the aid of e-views. The outcome of the tests of hypotheses reveals that Return on capital employed (ROCE) and return on equity (ROE) have a significant effect on the market share price of agricultural and agro-allied companies. It was recommended that the agriculture and agro-allied business entities in Nigeria should endeavour to align their increased financial performance with resourceful activities that can aid to make the market financial performance mirror their internal growth and financial performance. Also, rapt attention should be paid to the business entity's capacity to raise stock prices by managing costs effectively and efficiently in order to increase profits, increase debt capacity, control usage in terms of business expansion, and ensure adequate and efficient working capital.