Manuscript Title:

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED USE OF CHEMICAL, ORGANIC AND BIOFERTILIZER ON GROWTH OF SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA L.)

Author:

IRUM NAZ, ALIA GUL, NOSHEEN SHAFQATH, MUHAMMAD ISLAM, YASMEEN SHAKIR, Dr. FAZAL HADI, TARIQ AZIZ, ABDUL BASIT, HINA GUL, WAQAR ALI

DOI Number:

DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/F5ZU4

Published : 2022-09-10

About the author(s)

1. IRUM NAZ - PhD, Department of Botany, Hazara, University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
2. ALIA GUL - Lecturer, Department of Botany, Hazara, University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
4. NOSHEEN SHAFQATH - Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Hazara, University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
5. MUHAMMAD ISLAM - Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara, University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
6. YASMEEN SHAKIR - Department of Biochemistry, Hazara, University, Mansehra Pakistan.
7. Dr. FAZAL HADI - Lecturer, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
8. TARIQ AZIZ - MPhil Scholar, Department of Botany, Hazara, University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
9. ABDUL BASIT - BS student Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
10. HINA GUL - MPhil Scholar, Department of Botany, Hazara, University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
11. WAQAR ALI - PhD scholar, Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Full Text : PDF

Abstract

The present research work was done at NARC Islamabad, to search the potential of combine organic application, bio fertilizers & chemicals for improving micronutrient concentration in spinach. Different treatments were designed to compare with NP fertilizer, bio fertilizers and Organic fertilizer to observe micronutrient concentration in shoot and root at various stages of development & growth. Highest concentration of iron shoot was noted with isolates Azorhizobium, Rhizobium and PSM-Q. At different stages of growth & development. Maximum content of root Iron was noted with Azorhizobium and Rhizobium. Among the isolates, Azorhizobium, Rhizobium and PSM-QA performed relatively better in enhancing zinc content in spinach shoot at all the three stages of growth. Highest root zinc concentration was recorded with inoculum Azorhizobium and PSM-QA. The results suggested that bacterial inoculation significantly increased the micronutrient content of spinach as compared with the application of chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer and the control. We communicate sound proofs to recommend bacterial inoculation as a suitable and most reliable substitute of chemical fertilizers that promote/enhance the growth of spinach along with improving the rhizosphere for field crop production. As a result, it may be argued that microbial inoculation enhanced efficient nutrient uptake, resulting in higher-quality plants.


Keywords

Integrated; Organic; Chemical; Bio fertilizers; Azorhizobium; Rhizobium; Spinach; Growth.