The present study investigates the intricate relationship between urbanization, globalization, and environmental sustainability in Nigeria. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, this research examines the long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables of interest. Furthermore, the bound test is employed to ascertain the existence of a cointegrating relationship, indicating a stable longrun equilibrium. The findings reveal a significant and positive relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions in Nigeria. This suggests that increased urbanization has contributed to higher carbon dioxide emissions, possibly due to greater energy consumption, industrialization, and transportation demands associated with urban areas. Moreover, globalization, as measured by trade, exhibits a positive but relatively weaker influence on CO2 emissions, indicating that global economic integration has contributed to environmental degradation, albeit to a lesser extent than urbanization. Considering the control variable, GDP growth rate, it is found to have a positive impact on CO2 emissions. This implies that economic growth in Nigeria has come at the expense of environmental sustainability, further emphasizing the need for policy interventions that decouple economic development from environmental degradation. The ARDL bounds test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Thus, policy implications derived from this study suggest the adoption of sustainable urban planning practices, such as promoting green infrastructure, energy efficiency, and public transportation systems, to mitigate the environmental impacts of urbanization. Additionally, efforts to promote sustainable trade practices, renewable energy investments, and eco-friendly policies are recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of globalization on environmental sustainability.