Seafood processing is one of the five key export items that have contributed to Vietnam's GDP growth in recent years. Vietnam's accession to Word Trade Organization (WTO) and participation in many multilateral trade agreements has boosted the country's trade activities, including seafood exports. However, Vietnamese seafood processing enterprises also face increasingly strict technical barriers in terms of food safety and hygiene, traceability, factors of sustainable development as well as related anti-dumping lawsuits cases. This paper introduces and analyses the relation between trade and environment in the seafood sector in Vietnam. The study lays out environmental considerations and identifies market access barriers in export markets for the seafood-processing sector. It then analyses the various government policies and private sector strategies currently to improve world market access. The paper then considers implications to improve export competitiveness and environmental sustainability for Vietnamese seafood sector, now and in the future.