1. MUHAMMAD BILAL - Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
2. ASIF KHAN KHATTAK - Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
3. BUSHRA KHAN - Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
4. JAVAID IQBAL - Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
5. ZARAK KHAN - Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
6. HINA - Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
7. SANAN ABID - Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Department of Occupational Health, Safety
& Environment, Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre, Peshawar, 28420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
This study examines the interactions between climatic variables and roadside Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in a northwestern city located in the Himalayan region. The study collected ambient NO2 concentrations using a standard procedure for NO2 collection and divided the study region into three major areas: urban, suburban, and rural. Each area was further divided into five sampling locations, and each location was sampled five times on different days of the week during both the winter and summer seasons. The mean estimated values for NO2 in urban, suburban, and rural areas during the winter season were 51, 38, and 40 µg/m3 , respectively, while in the summer season, the values were 44, 32, and 29 µg/m3 . Similarly, the mean predicted values of NO2 for the study areas during the winter season were 52, 38, and 41 µg/m3 , and during the summer season, they were 45, 40, and 40 µg/m3 . The Tukey test was performed for all the concentration measurements at various locations, and there was almost a significant difference (0.05) among all the data sets. The correlations between temperature and NO2 showed a positive value for both summer and winter seasons, while NO2 showed negative correlations with wind speed and humidity (-0.8 to 0.6). Despite the variations in seasons and fleet flux in urban, suburban, and rural study sites, a significant level of agreement was found via correlations between NO2 and the climatic variables. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the interactions among climatic variables and roadside NO2 concentrations in a north-western Himalayan city and emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of air pollution levels in this region.
Climatic variables Vehicular emissions NO2 North-western Himalayas.