Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatism. It is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized serologically by the presence of auto-antibodies: rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated peptides antibodies (ACPA) .The objective of this study is to establish a serological profile in Algerian RA patients and correlate it to disease activity. Patients and Methods: Our case-control study covered 343 patients divided into 49 male and 294 female. Auto-antibodies was carried out using the laser nephelometry technique for the RF and by the quantitative enzyme immunoassay technique ELISA 3rd generation test for the ACPAs. Results: Our results showed that among 314 patients, 67.8% were positive for the RF, with an average serum titer of 231.4 ± 506.5 IU /mL. The ACPA search returned positive for 79.3% of patients, with an average serum concentration of 217 ± 337.5 IU / mL. Our analysis showed that out of a total of 315 RA, 269 patients or 85.39% are positive (RF positive (+) and / or ACPA +), while 46 patients, or 14.60%, are negative (RF and ACPA negative). Conclusion: Our results showed a significant sensitivity of ACPA compared to RF. ACPAs have better diagnostic value than RF. Benefit of the RF/ACPA association to increase specificity. Autoantibody levels are associated with the severity of the disease.