Manuscript Title:

IMPACT OF STIGMA, DISCRIMINATION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG AIDS PATIENTS: ROLE OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY

Author:

Dr. ZAKIA BANO, MARYAM AWAN, Dr. MUEEN ABID, MARYAM RIAZ

DOI Number:

DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10215614

Published : 2023-11-23

About the author(s)

1. Dr. ZAKIA BANO - National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi.
2. MARYAM AWAN - University of Gujrat.
3. Dr. MUEEN ABID - National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi.
4. MARYAM RIAZ - University of Gujrat.

Full Text : PDF

Abstract

Objectives: The HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an innovative germ that produced infection of HIV and AIDS. AIDS is a situation in individuals in which immune system is fail to carry its work and increase the infections of cancer and life threating poisons. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship of stigma, discrimination and social support with psychological distress as symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress and level of stigma among HIV/AIDS patients. Further, the second purpose of the study was to treatment of the AIDS patient’s emotional distress through cognitive behavior therapy. Design/Methods: Sample of 150 registered patients of AIDS selected trough purposive sampling technique from different Hospitals in district Gujrat, Punjab Pakistan. The age range of the participants were 18-70 years with mean age (36.43). Four scales as “HIV Stigma Scale, Discrimination Scale (subscale of HIV Stigma Scale), Social support Scale and Psychological Distress Scale” were used in the study. After scrutiny twenty (20) patients with high level of psychological distress was registered for intervention. Pearson Correlation, two step cluster and t-test analysis were used. Results: Results of study showed that stigma has positive relationship with psychological distress, anxiety, depression and stress (r = .405, p < .01, r = .307, p < .01, r = .467, p < .01, r = .332, p < .01, respectively). Cluster analysis of stigma showed that 33 patients were in low level of stigma, 55 in medium and 62 in high level stigma Discrimination has positive relationship with psychological distress, anxiety, depression and stress (r = .456, p < .01, r = .378,
p < .01, r = .434, p < .01, r = .424, p < .01respectively). Social-support has negative relationship with psychological distress, anxiety, depression and stress ((r = -.283, p < .01, r = -.189, p <.05, r =.-.307, p < .01, r = -.275, p < .01 respectively). Results also indicated that Cognitive Behavior Therapy has great
effective on Psychological distress as there is significant difference in mean scores of psychological distress of AIDS patients (M= 109.5, M= 94.00). Conclusion: The study shows that stigma and discrimination has a significant relationship with psychological distress (anxiety, depression and stress) and most of the patients lie in high level of stigma. Results also showed that social support has inverse relation with psychological distress as symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. Psychological distress among AIDS patients can be overcome through the intervention as cognitive behavior therapy.


Keywords

AIDS, Psychological Distress, Stigma, Discrimination, Social Support, Cognitive Behavior Therapy.