Manuscript Title:

CHANGING BEHAVIOR OF GENE ACTION ON SELECTION EFFICIENCY ESTIMATED THROUGH GENETIC PARAMETERS IN WHEAT

Author:

MUHAMMAD KHALID, ABDUL BARI, MURAD ALI, AAMIR IQBAL, ANSAAR AHMED, UZAIR AHMAD, JAVAID IQBAL

DOI Number:

DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10432225

Published : 2023-12-23

About the author(s)

1. MUHAMMAD KHALID - Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
2. ABDUL BARI - Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
3. MURAD ALI - Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
4. AAMIR IQBAL - International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Pakistan.
5. ANSAAR AHMED - International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) Pakistan.
6. UZAIR AHMAD - Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
7. JAVAID IQBAL - Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Lakki-Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Full Text : PDF

Abstract

Field based phenotypic performance along with mean biometrical variables of heritability and genetic advance guide the plant breeders to select superior genotypes. In the changing climate scenario, this is the most pivotal and challenging tasks for plant breeder to select the best plants based on desirable morphological and physiological attributes to advance to final stages of varietal development. The newly developed wheat varieties that exhibit not only early maturity but possess high potential yield and resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses can positively contribute to food insecurity issues. To achieve this task, a set of 50 genotypes were received from CIMMYT-Mexico as Semi-arid wheat yield trial (SAWYT) and were sown at the research fields of Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera (74OE and 32ON), during the Rabi season of 2017-18. High Significant differences were observed in days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH) (cm) and grain yield (GY) (kg ha-1 ). DH, DM, PH, and GY ranged from 110.02 to 118.52, 156 to 163, 85.56 cm to 110.56 cm and 1123 kg ha-1 to 4513 kg ha-1, respectively. Genetic variation components i.e., h2 (B.S), GCV, PCV and G.A were estimated for yield and other morphological traits. The results showed the existence of adequate genetic variability among the tested wheat genotypes. Moderate to high heritability estimates were computed for DH (0.73), DM (0.36), PH (0.49), and GY (0.37). High GCV were found in GY and PH, moderate in days to heading while low in days to maturity. Similarly, high PCV was recorded for GY and PH while moderate for DH and DM. Genetic advance, representing the potential gain through selection, was computed for GY (14.72%), PH (5.25%), DH (2.33%), and DM (0.64%), with varying levels of genetic improvement. High genetic advance with moderate heritability was recorded for GY while low genetic advance with high and moderate heritability was recorded for DH, PH and DM. The results suggested the presence of non-additive gene action, including dominance and epistasis, indicating that delayed selection may lead to more fruitful outcomes. Based on present findings the superior genotypes were SAWYT-V12, V14, V15, V17, V18, V24, V29, V37, V44, V46 and V49, which need to be further investigated for concrete results. This study emphasizes the importance of field-based evaluations and biometrical computations in selecting superior wheat genotypes, which will contribute to the development of climate resilient, highyielding and disease resistant wheat varieties that can address the challenges of food security in changing climatic conditions.


Keywords

Genetic Advance (GA), Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), Gene Action, Heritability (h2), Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) and Wheat Genotypes.