Due to the combination of hereditary and environmental risk factors, essential hypertension is a complicated illness with sociodemographic variables playing a substantial role in its development. This has been shown in several epidemiological research. Finding the underlying molecular causes of hypertension and the genetic risk factors connected with it may open the door to more clinical treatment interventions and research into the disease's prevention. To understand the intricate pathophysiology of hypertension, researchers must pinpoint the susceptibility genes involved. It is important to remember that gene variations that cause hypertension usually cause a small increase in risk and are influenced by a number of dietary habits, interactions with other genes, and socioeconomic factors. Being a complex disease influenced by both hereditary and environmental factors, hypertension cannot be fully explained by a single gene mutation.