This research is particularly relevant in industries such as aerospace and automotive, where the reliability of bonded joints is crucial for structural integrity and safety. The study is likely to involve an experimental set-up that uses wave-based techniques, such as ultrasonic or guided wave testing, to detect and measure defects in bonded aluminium lap joints. The researchers reportedly designed a series of experiments to analyse the different parameters affecting defect detection and size. The research focused on optimising several key parameters such as bond width and plate thickness. The aim was to identify the most important factors affecting the amplitude of the wave used to detect defects in the bonded assembly