Academic performance is a critical determinant of students' intellectual growth and future opportunities. This study investigates the key factors influencing the academic performance of higher secondary students, emphasizing both intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. The research explores the impact of sociodemographic characteristics, digital screen exposure, study habits, and socioeconomic status on students' learning outcomes. A descriptive survey method was adopted, employing stratified random sampling to collect data from 60 higher secondary students in the Kunnamangalam Block of Kozhikode District, Kerala, India. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire and standardized academic performance scale. The study found that a significant proportion of students engage in recreational screen activities, with 93% involved in social media and gaming. While 93% of respondents followed a self-study approach, only a minority demonstrated high academic performance. Findings also indicate a potential correlation between screen-time engagement and lower academic achievement. The study underscores the importance of balanced digital consumption, structured study habits, and socioenvironmental support. It suggests social work interventions, including casework and group work, to assist adolescents in managing screen time and improving academic performance. Further research is recommended to examine gender-specific influences and long-term impacts of digital engagement on adolescent learning and well-being.