Manuscript Title:

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF INCLUSION OF INDIGENOUS MICROORGANISMS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, DAYS-TO-FIRST-OESTRUS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE IN CROSSBRED PIGS

Author:

NNANNA EPHRAIM IKEH, BRIGHT CHIGOZIE AMAEFULE, OLUCHI JOANNES ODO, LUKE CHUKWUDI ALI, AMARACHI LINDA OBINNA, PAULINUS IKENNA UMEUGOKWE, NDUBUISI SAMUEL MACHEBE

DOI Number:

DOI:10.5281/zenodo.15687263

Published : 2025-06-10

About the author(s)

1. NNANNA EPHRAIM IKEH - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
2. BRIGHT CHIGOZIE AMAEFULE - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
3. OLUCHI JOANNES ODO - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
4. LUKE CHUKWUDI ALI - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
5. AMARACHI LINDA OBINNA - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
6. PAULINUS IKENNA UMEUGOKWE - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
7. NDUBUISI SAMUEL MACHEBE - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Full Text : PDF

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of different sources and levels of inclusion of indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) on the growth performance, puberty attainment and hematology in crossbred pigs. The experimental design was 2 × 3 factorial arrangements of treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The IMOs were cultivated using mixture of fruits and rice sources. A total of twenty-four (24) female weaner pigs (aged 10 weeks) with an average initial weight of 9.35 ± 0.23kg were randomly assigned to six (6) experimental treatments (4 pigs per treatment and 1 pig per replicate). Factor A was two sources of IMOs (fruit and rice) and factor B was levels of IMOs inclusion (0ml/L, 5ml/L and 10ml/L of IMOs) in a litre of water. The results showed that feed intake (inclusion levels and interaction), growth rate, body weight at first oestrous (sources and inclusion levels), feed efficiency and age at first oestrous (sources, inclusion levels and interaction) were significantly affected (p < 0.05). Results on the haematological profile showed higher (p < 0.05) mean concentrations of PCV, Hb, and RBC for gilts fed 10ml/L of Rice IMOs. The WBC count was not affected (p > 0.05) by levels of dietary IMOs inclusions. The study concluded that the incorporation of IMOs from fruit sources at 5ml/L concentration led to reduced feed intake, enhanced feed efficiency, lowered days-to-first-oestrus and improved health status in crossbred gilts.


Keywords

Estrous, Gilts, Haematology, Indigenous Microorganism, Probiotics, Puberty.