Manuscript Title:

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EARLY VERSUS DELAYED ENDOVASCULAR COILING FOR RUPTURED INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS: CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND PRE-PROCEDURAL STRATEGIES

Author:

ANAS BIN THAREK, NOOR HAYATUL AL-AKMAL NORALAM,RAJEEV SHAMSUDDIN PERISAMY, MOHD HADY SHUKRI BIN ABDUL SATAR, AHMAD SOBRI BIN MUDA

DOI Number:

DOI:10.5281/zenodo.21862201

Published : 2026-08-10

About the author(s)

1. ANAS BIN THAREK - Radiology Department, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, Pusat Klinikal Neurovascular & Stork, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia. 2. NOOR HAYATUL AL-AKMAL NORALAM - Radiology Department, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, PusatKlinikal Neurovascular & Strok, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia. 3. RAJEEV SHAMSUDDIN PERISAMY - Radiology Department, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), and University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia. 4. MOHD HADY SHUKRI BIN ABDUL SATAR - Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia. 5. AHMAD SOBRI BIN MUDA - Radiology Department, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, Pusat Klinikal Neurovascular & Strok, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia.

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Abstract

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a critical neurologic emergency with high mortality and disability. Prompt aneurysm securing is essential to reduce the risk of rebleeding, yet the optimal timing of endovascular coiling remains debated—especially in patients with varying neurological grades or complex aneurysm morphology. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare early (<72 hours) versus delayed (≥72 hours) endovascular coiling in ruptured intracranial aneurysms, assessing mortality, functional independence, rebleeding risk, and procedural complications including vasospasm or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed for studies published between January 2020 and May 2025. Studies comparing early versus delayed coiling with clinical outcome data were included. Meta- analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 with pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Eleven studies encompassing 2,306 patients were included. Early coiling was associated with significantly lower mortality (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55–0.92; p = 0.008), reduced rebleeding risk (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35–0.77; p = 0.001), and higher rates of functional independence (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08–1.60; p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in vasospasm/DCI between groups (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.82–1.35; p = 0.69). Publication bias was not significant (Egger’s test, p = 0.22). Conclusion: Early endovascular coiling within 72 hours of rupture is associated with better clinical outcomes— particularly in patients with good-grade aSAH—without increasing vasospasm or DCI risk. Advances in adjunctive endovascular techniques and peri-procedural strategies have expanded the feasibility and safety of early treatment, even in complex cases. Early coiling should be considered the preferred timing strategy in eligible patients and supported by institutional protocols and infrastructure.


Keywords

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Endovascular Coiling, Early Treatment, Ruptured Aneurysm, Timing, Rebleeding, Vasospasm, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia, WFNS, Meta-Analysis.