Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to a variety of occupational hazards, including physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial risks. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the vulnerability of HCWs to these hazards, particularly psychosocial risks such as stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. This narrative review synthesizes the current literature on occupational hazards faced by HCWs and the interventions designed to mitigate these risks. The review covers a wide range of topics, including risk assessment, risk management, and occurrence rates of occupational hazards. It also discusses the impact of these hazards on HCWs' mental health, with a particular focus on the psychological burden of frontline healthcare workers during epidemics and pandemics. The review highlights the need for urgent interventions to protect HCWs from the psychological impact of traumatic events related to their work. It also emphasizes the importance of implementing preventive policies and management strategies to reduce the risk of occupational hazards and improve the mental health of HCWs. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and policy development in this area.