Severe environmental threats have surged lately, fuelled by the excessive release of toxic organic pollutants from industries like pesticides, printing, and paint manufacturing. These pollutants pose hazards due to their toxicity, non-biodegradability, and carcinogenic effects, presenting a pressing challenge for their removal before discharge. Scientists are fervently exploring visible photocatalysts that harness solar energy efficiently to address this issue. Research has homed in on synthesizing nanostructures, investigating parameters such as annealing temperature, solution pH, and precursor solvent to understand their structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties. Evaluations on the nanostructures performance in degrading organic dyes under visible light have been conducted. Semiconductor and transition metal oxides-based nanomaterials, along with rare-earth ion doping, show promise in enhancing photocatalytic efficacy by mitigating charge carrier recombination. Advanced oxidation processes, particularly photocatalysis, offer effective organic compound degradation through reactive oxygen species. Heterojunction semiconductor modification with elements through ion implantation, demonstrates substantial progress in visible region photocatalysis, augmenting charge carrier separation and retarding recombination rates.