Nanomedicine is the use of nanotechnology in the medical domain. Our decades-long contributions to this emerging field of inquiry have yielded substantial advances, especially in the treatment of cancer, which have sparked the curiosity of researchers. Applications of cancer nanomedicine include medication administration, nano formulation, and nanoanalytical contrast agents. Nanotechnology may be able to get around many of the limitations of conventional methods by increasing tumor medication accumulation, reducing side effects, and improving therapeutic efficacy. The last 20 years have seen a significant advancement in nanotechnology, which has made it possible to include a variety of medicines, sensing, and targeting agents into nanoparticles (NPs) to create new nanodevices that can identify, stop, and cure complicated illnesses like cancer. The primary drug nanoformulations based on organic NP types are discussed in this review, along with the benefits of the novel formulations over their free drug equivalents and the ways in which nanodrugs have enhanced clinical care. Polymeric NPs, liposomes, micelles, and exosomes, a tiny subgroup that has just lately been employed in clinical trials were the four primary categories into which we separated them.