This research work embarked upon in ascertaining the sanitary conditions of female student hostels and way to improve their health status using University of Nigeria Nsukka as area of study. A sample survey design was applied for the study. Systematic random method, purposive and availability sampling were used to select 263 students. An ordered questionnaire served for collection of data. Quantitative method of analysis was adopted to ascertain the sanitary conditions affecting students’ health status. Explanatory statistics such as frequency and percentage was employed for the data presentation and analysis while chi-square statistics was used for testing of hypotheses. Results from the research indicates that the sanitary conditions in hostels are bad, and it affects the students’ health status in a negative way; the factors that promote bad sanitary conditions of the hostel were the non-challant attitude of hostel cleaners towards the maintenance of sanitary facilities, inadequate number of toilets and bathrooms for the students, over population of students in the hostel and lack of maintenance of facilities. The negative effects of poor sanitation condition on the health statuses of students make them sick and unable to study, and make the environment smelly and unconducive for learning. The study therefore recommends that the school management should provide adequate facilities that will enable their workers or cleaners to do their work effectively, the school management should make a policy that will guide the hostel based on sanitation and fumigating the hostel environment.